Setting up a DMD: Diffraction effects

I recently acquired a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) and when I started setting up the experiment, I faced a problem I did not anticipate which is closely related to blazed gratings. Due to the fact that the surface of a DMD is not flat, diffraction orders are shifted compared to the optical axis. This shift depends on the pixel pitch, the wavelength, and the incident angle. A close look at this diffraction phenomenon is important to configure an experimental setup properly. It is even relevant to consider this effect before choosing the appropriate DMD model to buy.

Control a Vialux DMD with Python

Vialux provides Texas Instrument DMD (Digital MicroMirror Devices) chips with an electronic board to send and display image sequences at high speed (up to 30kHz). While they provide a C++ dll, Labview, and Matlab codes, I did not find any tool for Python. I share here a simple module that wraps the C++ functions for Python. It allows using in a simple manner the basic functions while providing the advanced features of the ALP API.

How to use a binary amplitude Deformable Miror Device (DMD) as a phase modulator: The "superpixel" method

I previously presented a technique based on the Lee hologram that allows to use a binary amplitude modulator (like a DLP chip you find in standard projectors) to perform a phase modulation (or amplitude and phase modulation). Recently, a new technique was introduced in [S.A. Goorden et al., Opt. Express (2014)] that allows an accurate complex modulation with less loss in term of spatial resolution. This post is more a highlight on this paper than a proper tutorial. In a nutshell, while the Lee hologram only takes advantage of one dimension to encode the amplitude and phase in fringes, this technique exploits both dimensions of the pixel array using superpixels.

How to use a binary amplitude Deformable Mirror Device (DMD) as a phase modulator: The Lee hologram method

The optical field measured at the output of a complex medium (multimode waveguide, multimode cavity, scattering medium...) is the result of the interference of the many paths taken by the light. Most of the applications of wavefront shaping techniques in these media rely on taking advantage of these interference effects to force the medium to perform a desired function. For this reason, the phases of the controlled segments of the input wavefront are usually the most important degrees of freedom to control. Common phase-only Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) have a limited refresh rate (~100 Hz) due to the liquid crystal technology. This limits the applications in media with a low decorrelation time (like biological tissues) or for experiments for which a long optimization process is needed. Although a new class of phase-only SLMs based on deformable mirrors allows high-speed modulations (>30 kHz), these devices are currently very expensive compared to liquid crystal technology and have a limited resolution (~1000 pixels maximum). On the other hand, fast binary-amplitude modulators with high resolutions are widespread and affordable since the technology is the same one as used in commercial digital projectors. In a recent publication, [D.B. Conkey et al., Opt. Express (2012)] introduced a method to use such a binary-amplitude Deformable Mirror Device (DMD) for phase modulation. This technique allows a fast phase modulation (up to 23 kHz) at the cost of a loss of resolution.